Performance-based emergency landing trajectory planning applying meta-heuristic and Dubins paths

Emergency Landing is a complex problem of optimal path planning an impaired airplane in presence obstacles, while the performance characteristics have degraded. Some in-flight failures can affect dynamics and therefore new dynamic constraints must be considered flight to desired landing site. This paper introduces novel hybrid form Dubins-simulated annealing (HDSA) optimization framework for emergency landing. The proposed architecture applies Dubins paths Apollonius’ tangent line generate candidate pieces trajectories respecting post-failure distressed airplane. pattern used select combination based on cost functions environmental lead Analytical performance-based equations are developed achieve admissible solution trajectory planning. goal provide general framework, which enhance management system by assisting pilot plan most suitable site conditions. effectiveness approach demonstrated through simulations.